Nts'etsopele ea Lipalangoang tse tsamaisoang ka Metsing tsa Lehae ho la China
Mohato oa Pele oa Lipalangoang tsa Lits'oants'o tsa Lehae
Lipalangoang tsa metsi tse kentsoeng lapeng tsa China li ile tsa qala kapele haholo. Lilemong tsa bo-1950, lijana tsa lehong li ne li se li ntse li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho tsamaisa thepa pakeng tsa Shanghai Port le Dalian Port.
Ka bo-1970, lik’hontheinara tsa tšepe—haholo-holo ka lithane tse 5 le lithane tse 10—li ile tsa kenngoa tsamaisong ea terene ’me tsa atolosoa butle-butle lipalangoang tsa likepe.
Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la lintlha tse 'maloa tse fokolang tse kang:
• Litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa ts'ebetso
• Tlhahiso e sa hlabolohang
• Matla a fokolang a 'maraka
• Tlhoko e lekaneng ea lapeng
Ho phahama ha Lipalangoang tsa Lits'oants'o tsa Lehae tse Tloaelehileng
Ho teba ho sa khaotseng ha liphetoho le ho bula ha Chaena, hammoho le liphetoho tsa tsamaiso ea moruo, ho potlakisitse kholo ea khoebo ea naha le ho reka kantle ho naha.
Lipalangoang tsa li-container li ile tsa qala ho atleha, haholo-holo libakeng tse lebōpong la leoatle, moo litlhoko tsa motheo le tsa thepa li ileng tsa ntlafatsoa haholoanyane.
Katoloso ea lits'ebeletso tsa lits'ebeletso tsa kantle ho naha e thehile maemo a matle bakeng sa kholo ea 'maraka oa lipalangoang tsa kahare ho naha, e fana ka:
• Boiphihlelo ba bohlokoa ba ts'ebetso
• Marang-rang a pharalletseng a tsamaiso
• Li-platform tsa tlhahisoleseling tse matla
Ketsahalo ea bohlokoa e etsahetse ka la 16 Tšitoe, 1996, ha sekepe sa pele sa China se neng se reriloe ka har'a naha, sekepe sa "Fengshun", se tloha boema-kepeng ba Xiamen se nkile lijana tse tloaelehileng tsa machabeng.
Litšobotsi tsa lipalangoang tsa khoebo ea malapeng maritime container li kenyelletsa:
01. Bokhoni bo phahameng
Lipalangoang tse nang le Container li lumella thepa hore e laoloe le ho theoloa kapele, e fokotsa palo ea lipalangoang le ho ts'oaroa, 'me e ntlafatsa katleho ea lipalangoang ka kakaretso. Ka nako e ts'oanang, boholo bo lekantsoeng ba lijana bo lumella likepe le lisebelisoa tsa boema-kepe hore li tsamaisane hantle, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea lipalangoang.
02. Moruo
Lipalangoang tsa nkho ka leoatleng hangata li na le chelete e ngata ho feta lipalangoang tsa fatše. Haholo-holo bakeng sa thepa e ngata le lipalangoang tsa maeto a malelele, lipalangoang tsa maritime li ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa lipalangoang haholo.
03. Polokeho
Setshelo se na le sebopeho se matla le ts'ebetso ea ho tiisa, e ka sireletsang thepa ka katleho ho senyeha ha tikoloho ea kantle. Ka nako e ts'oanang, mehato ea ts'ireletso nakong ea lipalangoang tsa leoatleng e boetse e netefatsa hore thepa e tsamaisoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng.
04. Ho tenyetseha
Lipalangoang tse kentsoeng ka har'a linkho li etsa hore ho be bonolo hore thepa e fetisoe ho tloha boema-kepe bo bong ho ea ho bo bong, ka ho hlokomela khokahano e se nang moeli ea lipalangoang tsa mefuta e mengata. Ho tenyetseha hona ho thusa lipalangoang tsa lehae tsa maoatle ho ikamahanya le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa thepa.
05. Tšireletso ea tikoloho
Ha ho bapisoa le lipalangoang tsa litsela, lipalangoang tsa lijana tsa leoatle li na le khabone e tlase, e thusang ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea tikoloho. Ho feta moo, lipalangoang tse nang le lik'hontheinara li boetse li fokotsa tlhahiso ea litšila tsa ho paka, tse loketseng ts'ireletso ea tikoloho.
| Litsela tsa China Boroa | Boema-kepe | Nako ea ho tsamaea |
| Shanghai - Guangzhou | Guangzhou (ka Nansha Phase IV, Shekou, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai International Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Fanyu, Gongyi, Yueping) | 3 matsatsi |
| Shanghai - Dongguan Intl. | Dongguan (via Haikou, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Leliu, Tongde, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Gongyi, Yueping) | 3 matsatsi |
| Shanghai - Xiamen | Xiamen (ka Quanzhou, Fuqing, Fuzhou, Chaozhou, Shantou, Xuwen, Yangpu, Zhanjiang, Beihai, Fangcheng, Tieshan, Jieyang) | 3 matsatsi |
| Taicang - Jieyang | Jieyang | 5 matsatsi |
| Taicang - Zhanjiang | Zhanjiang | 5 matsatsi |
| Taicang - Haikou | Haikou | 7 matsatsi |
| Litsela tsa China Leboea | Boema-kepe | Nako ea ho tsamaea |
| Shanghai/Taicang - Yingkou | Yingkou | 2.5 matsatsi |
| Shanghai - Jingtang | Jingtang (ka Tianjin) | 2.5 matsatsi |
| Shanghai Luojing - Tianjin | Tianjin (ka Pacific International Terminal) | 2.5 matsatsi |
| Shanghai - Dalian | Dalian | 2.5 matsatsi |
| Shanghai - Qingdao | Qingdao (ka Rizhao, mme e hokahana le Yantai, Dalian, Weifang, Weihai le Weifang) | 2.5 matsatsi |
| Litsela tsa Nōka ea Yangtze | Boema-kepe | Nako ea ho tsamaea |
| Taicang - Wuhan | Wuhan | Matsatsi a 7-8 |
| Taicang - Chongqing | Chongqing (ka Jiujiang, Yichang, Luzhou, Chongqing, Yibin) | Matsatsi a 20 |
Marang-rang a hajoale a ho tsamaisa thepa ka har'a naha a fihletse ts'ebetso e felletseng ho pholletsa le libaka tse lebopong la leoatle la China le libaka tse kholo tsa linoka. Litsela tsohle tse thehiloeng li sebetsa litšebeletsong tse tsitsitseng, tse hlophisitsoeng. Likhamphani tsa mantlha tsa likepe tsa lapeng tse sebetsanang le lipalangoang tse lebopong la leoatle le linoka li kenyelletsa: Shipping ea Zhonggu, COSCO, Sinfeng Shipping, le Antong Holdings.
Taicang Port e phatlalalitse lits'ebeletso tsa likepe tse tobileng ho liteishene tsa Fuyang, Fengyang, Huaibin, Jiujiang le Nanchang, ha e ntse e eketsa makhetlo a litsela tsa pele ho Suqian. Lintlafatso tsena li matlafatsa khokahano le libaka tsa bohlokoa tsa thepa liprofinseng tsa Anhui, Henan le Jiangxi. Ho se ho entsoe tsoelo-pele e kholo ho atoloseng boteng ba mebaraka haufi le karolo e bohareng ea Noka ea Yangtze.
Mefuta e Tloaelehileng ea Lits'oants'o ka Lits'oants'ong tsa Ka tlung
Litlhaloso tsa Setshelo:
• 20GP (Morero o Akaretsang setshelo sa maoto a 20)
• Litekanyo tse ka hare: 5.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Boima ba Boima: Lithane tse 27
• Bophahamo bo ka Sebelisang: 24–26 CBM
• Reneketso: "Setshelo se senyenyane"
• 40GP (Morero o Akaretsang setshelo sa maoto a 40)
• Litekanyo tsa ka hare: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Boima ba 'Mele: Lithane tse 26
• Molumo o ka Sebelisang: hoo e ka bang. 54 CBM
• Lebitso: "Setshelo se Tloaelehileng"
• 40HQ (Setshelo se Phahameng sa Cube 40-foot)
• Litekanyo tsa ka hare: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.68 m
• Boima ba 'Mele: Lithane tse 26
• Molumo o ka Sebelisang: hoo e ka bang. 68 CBM
• Reneketso: "High Cube Container"
Litlhahiso tsa Kopo:
• 20GP e loketse thepa e boima e kang lithaele, mapolanka, li-pellets tsa polasetiki, le lik'hemik'hale tse tletseng meropa.
• 40GP / 40HQ e nepahetse haholoanyane bakeng sa thepa e bobebe kapa e boima, kapa thepa e nang le litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa sebopeho, joalo ka likhoele tsa maiketsetso, thepa ea ho paka, thepa ea ka tlung kapa likarolo tsa mochini.
Ntlafatso ea Lisebelisoa: Ho tloha Shanghai ho ea Guangdong
Qalong moreki oa rona o ne a sebelisa lipalangoang tsa 'mila ho isa thepa ho tloha Shanghai ho ea Guangdong. Lori e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea limithara tse 13 e ne e jara lithane tse 33 tsa thepa ka theko ea RMB 9,000 leetong le leng le le leng, ka nako ea ho tsamaea ea matsatsi a 2.
Kamora ho fetohela tharollong ea rona e ntlafalitsoeng ea lipalangoang tsa leoatle, thepa e se e romelloa ka lijana tsa 40HQ, se seng le se seng se nkile lithane tse 26. Theko e ncha ea thepa ke RMB 5,800 ka setshelo, 'me nako ea ho tsamaea ke matsatsi a 6.
Ho ea ka pono ea litšenyehelo, lipalangoang tsa leoatleng li fokotsa haholo litšenyehelo tsa thepa-ho tloha ho RMB 272 ka tone ho theosa ho ea ho RMB 223 ka tone-e leng se etsang hore ho bolokoe chelete e ka bang RMB 49 ka tone.
Mabapi le nako, lipalangoang tsa leoatle li nka matsatsi a 4 ho feta lipalangoang tsa litsela. Sena se hloka hore moreki a etse liphetoho tse tsamaellanang mabapi le moralo oa thepa le kemiso ea tlhahiso ho qoba tšitiso efe kapa efe ea ts'ebetso.
Qetello:
Haeba moreki a sa hloke phano e potlakileng mme a ka rera tlhahiso le thepa esale pele, mohlala oa lipalangoang tsa leoatleng o fana ka tharollo ea thepa e baballang chelete e ngata, e tsitsitseng le e baballang tikoloho.