Ntlafatso ea Lipalangoang tsa Metsi tse Tsamaiswang ke Lijana tsa Lapeng Chaena
Mohato oa Pele oa ho Tsamaisa Likhonteinara tsa Lapeng
Tsamaiso ea metsi ea Chaena e nang le lijana tsa ka tlung e qalile pejana. Lilemong tsa bo-1950, lijana tsa lehong li ne li se li ntse li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho tsamaisa thepa pakeng tsa Kou ea Shanghai le Kou ea Dalian.
Lilemong tsa bo-1970, lijana tsa tšepe—haholo-holo tse nang le litlhaloso tsa lithane tse 5 le lithane tse 10—li ile tsa kenngoa tsamaisong ea terene 'me butle-butle tsa atolosoa ho lipalangoang tsa likepe.
Leha ho le jwalo, ka lebaka la mabaka a mmalwa a sitisang a kang:
• Litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa ts'ebetso
• Tlhahiso e sa tsoelang pele hantle
• Monyetla o fokolang oa 'maraka
• Tlhoko e sa lekaneng ea lehae
Ho phahama ha Tsamaiso ea Likontenara tsa Lehae e Tloaelehileng
Ho teba ho sa khaotseng ha phetoho le ho bula menyetla ea Chaena, hammoho le liphetoho tsa tsamaiso ea moruo, ho potlakisitse kholo ea khoebo ea naha ea ho reka le ho rekisa kantle ho naha.
Tsamaiso ea lik'hontheinara e ile ea qala ho atleha, haholo-holo libakeng tse lebōpong la leoatle, moo tlhoko ea meralo ea motheo le thepa e ileng ea ntlafatsoa haholoanyane.
Katoloso ea lits'ebeletso tsa lik'hontheinara tsa khoebo ea kantle ho naha e bakile maemo a matle bakeng sa kholo ea 'maraka oa lipalangoang tsa lik'hontheinara tsa lehae, e fanang ka:
• Phihlelo ea bohlokoa ea ts'ebetso
• Marangrang a pharaletseng a thepa
• Li-platform tse matla tsa tlhahisoleseling
Ketsahalo ea bohlokoa e etsahetse ka la 16 Tšitoe 1996, ha sekepe sa pele sa Chaena se reriloeng sa lijana tsa lapeng, sekepe sa "Fengshun", se tloha Koung ea Xiamen se nkile lijana tsa machaba tsa merero e akaretsang. Ketsahalo ena e tšoaile qalo ea semmuso ea lipalangoang tsa lehae tse tloaelehileng tse nang le lijana tsa lapeng likoung tsa Chaena.
Litšobotsi tsa lipalangoang tsa lik'hontheinara tsa khoebo ea lehae li kenyelletsa:
01. Bokgoni bo phahameng
Ho tsamaisoa ka likhonteinara ho lumella thepa ho kenngoa le ho laolloa kapele, ho fokotsa palo ea lipalangoang le ts'ebetso, 'me ho ntlafatsa katleho ea lipalangoang ka kakaretso. Ka nako e ts'oanang, boholo ba likhonteinara tse tloaelehileng bo lumella likepe le libaka tsa koung ho lumellana hamolemo, ho ntlafatsa katleho ea lipalangoang le ho feta.
02. E theko e tlaase
Ho tsamaiswa ha dikontenara ka sekepe hangata ho theko e tlase ho feta ho tsamaiswa ha mobu. Haholo-holo bakeng sa thepa e kgolo le dipalangwang tsa maeto a malelele, ho tsamaiswa ha dikontenara tsa lewatleng ho ka fokotsa ditjeo tsa dipalangwang haholo.
03. Polokeho
Setshelo sena se na le sebopeho se matla le tshebetso ya ho kwala, e leng se ka sireletsang thepa ka katleho tshenyong ya tikoloho ya kantle. Ka nako e ts'oanang, mehato ya polokeho nakong ya dipalangwang tsa lewatle le yona e netefatsa ho tsamaiswa ha thepa ka polokeho.
04. Ho tenyetseha
Ho tsamaisoa ka likhonteinara ho etsa hore ho be bonolo hore thepa e fetisetsoe ho tloha koung e 'ngoe ho ea ho e 'ngoe, e leng se etsang hore ho be bonolo ho hokahanya thepa ka mokhoa o se nang sekoli le lipalangoang tse nang le mekhoa e mengata. Ho tenyetseha hona ho nolofalletsa ho tsamaisoa ha likhonteinara tsa leoatleng tsa lehae ho ikamahanya le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa thepa.
05. Tšireletso ea tikoloho
Ha ho bapisoa le lipalangoang tsa litsela, lipalangoang tsa likepe li na le khabone e fokolang e ntšang moea o tsoang ka har'a tsona, e leng se thusang ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea tikoloho. Ho feta moo, lipalangoang tse tsamaisoang ka har'a lik'hontheinara li boetse li fokotsa tlhahiso ea litšila tsa liphutheloana, e leng se thusang ho sireletsa tikoloho.
| Litsela tsa Chaena Boroa | Likou tsa Sebaka seo ho Eang ho Sona | Nako ea Lipalangoang |
| Shanghai - Guangzhou | Guangzhou (ka Nansha Phase IV, Shekou, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai International Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Fanyu, Gongyi, Yueping) | Matsatsi a 3 |
| Shanghai - Dongguan Intl. | Dongguan (via Haikou, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Leliu, Tongde, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Gongyi, Yueping) | Matsatsi a 3 |
| Shanghai - Xiamen | Xiamen (ka Quanzhou, Fuqing, Fuzhou, Chaozhou, Shantou, Xuwen, Yangpu, Zhanjiang, Beihai, Fangcheng, Tieshan, Jieyang) | Matsatsi a 3 |
| Taicang - Jieyang | Jieyang | Matsatsi a 5 |
| Taicang - Zhanjiang | Zhanjiang | Matsatsi a 5 |
| Taicang - Haikou | Haikou | Matsatsi a 7 |
| Litsela tsa Chaena Leboea | Likou tsa Sebaka seo ho Eang ho Sona | Nako ea Lipalangoang |
| Shanghai/Taicang - Yingkou | Yingkou | Matsatsi a 2.5 |
| Shanghai - Jingtang | Jingtang (ka Tianjin) | Matsatsi a 2.5 |
| Shanghai Luojing - Tianjin | Tianjin (ka sekepe sa Pacific International Terminal) | Matsatsi a 2.5 |
| Shanghai - Dalian | Dalian | Matsatsi a 2.5 |
| Shanghai - Qingdao | Qingdao (ka Rizhao, mme e hokahana le Yantai, Dalian, Weifang, Weihai le Weifang) | Matsatsi a 2.5 |
| Litsela tsa Noka ea Yangtze | Likou tsa Sebaka seo ho Eang ho Sona | Nako ea Lipalangoang |
| Taicang - Wuhan | Wuhan | Matsatsi a 7-8 |
| Taicang - Chongqing | Chongqing (ka Jiujiang, Yichang, Luzhou, Chongqing, Yibin) | Matsatsi a 20 |
Marangrang a hajwale a ho romela dikontenara tsa lehae a fihletse ka botlalo ho pholletsa le libaka tsa lebopong la leoatle la China le mabopong a maholo a dinoka. Ditsela tsohle tse thehilweng di sebetsa ka ditshebeletso tse tsitsitseng, tse rerilweng tsa sekepe. Dikhamphani tsa bohlokwa tsa ho romela dikontenara tsa lehae tse amehang ho tsamaiseng dikontenara tsa lebopong le nokeng di kenyeletsa: Zhonggu Shipping, COSCO, Sinfeng Shipping, le Antonng Holdings.
Boemakepe ba Taicang bo qalile lits'ebeletso tsa ho romella thepa ka kotloloho ho ea liteisheneng tsa Fuyang, Fengyang, Huaibin, Jiujiang le Nanchang, ha ka nako e ts'oanang bo eketsa makhetlo a litsela tsa maemo a holimo ho ea Suqian. Lintlafatso tsena li matlafatsa khokahano le libaka tsa bohlokoa tsa thepa tse ka thoko liprofinseng tsa Anhui, Henan le Jiangxi. Ho entsoe tsoelo-pele e kholo ho atoloseng boteng ba 'maraka karolong e bohareng ea Noka ea Yangtze.
Mefuta e Tloaelehileng ea Lijana Thomellong ea Lijana ea Lapeng
Litlhaloso tsa Setshelo:
• 20GP (Setshelo sa Morero o Akaretsang sa maoto a 20)
• Litekanyo tsa kahare: 5.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Boima bo Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa: lithane tse 27
• Bophahamo bo ka Sebedisetswang: 24–26 CBM
• Lebitso la boswaswi: "Setshelo se Senyane"
• 40GP (Setshelo sa Morero o Akaretsang sa maoto a 40)
• Litekanyo tsa kahare: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Boima bo Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa: lithane tse 26
• Bophahamo bo ka Sebedisehang: hoo e ka bang 54 CBM
• Lebitso la boswaswi: "Setshelo se Tloaelehileng"
• 40HQ (Setshelo se seholo sa Cube sa maoto a 40)
• Litekanyo tsa kahare: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.68 m
• Boima bo Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa: lithane tse 26
• Bophahamo bo ka Sebedisehang: hoo e ka bang 68 CBM
• Lebitso la boswaswi: "Setshelo sa Cube e Phahameng"
Litlhahiso tsa Kopo:
• 20GP e loketse thepa e boima joalo ka lithaele, mapolanka, li-pellet tsa polasetiki le lik'hemik'hale tse tletseng meropa.
• 40GP / 40HQ li loketse haholoanyane bakeng sa thepa e bobebe kapa e ngata, kapa thepa e nang le litlhoko tse itseng tsa boholo, joalo ka likhoele tsa maiketsetso, thepa ea ho paka, thepa ea ka tlung, kapa likarolo tsa mechini.
Ntlafatso ea Thepa: Ho tloha Shanghai ho ea Guangdong
Qalong moreki oa rona o ne a sebelisa lipalangoang tsa tsela ho isa thepa ho tloha Shanghai ho ea Guangdong. Teraka e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea limithara tse 13 e ne e jara lithane tse 33 tsa thepa ka litšenyehelo tsa RMB 9,000 leetong ka leng, ka nako ea ho tsamaea ea matsatsi a 2.
Kamora ho fetohela tharollong ea rona e ntlafalitsoeng ea lipalangoang tsa leoatleng, thepa joale e romelloa ho sebelisoa lijana tsa 40HQ, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e jara lithane tse 26. Litšenyehelo tse ncha tsa thepa ke RMB 5,800 ka sejana, 'me nako ea ho tsamaea ke matsatsi a 6.
Ho ya ka pono ya ditjeo, dipalangwang tsa lewatle di fokotsa haholo ditjeo tsa thepa—ho tloha ho RMB 272 ka tonne ho ya ho RMB 223 ka tonne—e leng se fellang ka poloko ya hoo e ka bang RMB 49 ka tonne.
Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea nako, lipalangoang tsa likepe li nka matsatsi a 4 ho feta lipalangoang tsa litsela. Sena se hloka hore moreki a etse liphetoho tse tsamaellanang le moralo oa thepa le kemiso ea tlhahiso ho qoba tšitiso efe kapa efe ts'ebetsong.
Qetello:
Haeba moreki a sa hloke ho tlisoa ka potlako mme a ka rera tlhahiso le thepa esale pele, mohlala oa lipalangoang tsa leoatleng o fana ka tharollo ea thepa e theko e tlaase, e tsitsitseng le e mosa ho tikoloho.